今天我們就審題步驟來(lái)一起分享一下，要想高效快速完成大作文審題，總共分成三步：
Step1：了解題目信息
根據題干信息擴大范圍，進(jìn)行適當聯(lián)想，然后再根據核心話(huà)題來(lái)扣住題目回答問(wèn)題。
比如：
The environment problems facing today's world are so great that there is littleordinarypeople can do to improve the situation. Government and large companies should be responsible for reducing the amount of damage being done to the environment. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
根據上題題干中給出的背景信息，環(huán)境問(wèn)題非常嚴重，個(gè)別普通人已經(jīng)無(wú)力改善，擴大范圍進(jìn)行適當聯(lián)想。
Step2：確定文章寫(xiě)法
1. 折中式：
寫(xiě)法特點(diǎn)：適當讓步，討論正反兩面。
適合人群：對于英文基礎一般的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，折中式更加客觀(guān)，也容易寫(xiě)夠字數，而且真題寫(xiě)作答案基本是折中式。
對應考題舉例：
In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.
People are surrounded by advertising and there is an increasing effect on our lives. Do you think thepositiveeffects outweigh thenegativeeffects?
2. 支持一方：
寫(xiě)法特點(diǎn)：直陳觀(guān)點(diǎn)，只說(shuō)正面或反面。
適合人群：對于英文功底特別好的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，完全支持或者完全反對的觀(guān)點(diǎn)可以讓文章更加充實(shí)更加犀利。
對應題目舉例：
Some people think women should be allowed to join the army, the navy and the air force just like men. What is your opinion?
Some people think that police officers carrying guns will increase the violent crime rate. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
大家可以根據自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，自行選擇。
1. Argument(辯論類(lèi))：
辯論類(lèi)題目占到所有題目的75%-85%，出題目的是讓考生辯論觀(guān)點(diǎn)或權衡利弊，并且考察學(xué)生是否能夠自圓其說(shuō)提供充分論據。
典型提問(wèn)方式：Discuss both (these) views and give your own opinion. (To what extent) Do you agree or disagree?
(To what extent) Do you think the advantages/ benefits outweigh the disadvantages/ drawbacks?
What is your opinion/ view?/ What do you think?
作文結構應如何組織：可以寫(xiě)成折中式，也可以寫(xiě)成一邊倒。
在折中式結構中，開(kāi)頭段可以用2-4句話(huà)介紹背景信息，討論話(huà)題，改寫(xiě)題目，陳述觀(guān)點(diǎn)；主體段可以論述你所傾向的那一方，提供一、二、三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)，并且給出對應的詳細解釋?zhuān)蛔尣蕉握撌鲎约翰惶珒A向的那一方，提供一個(gè)或兩個(gè)分論點(diǎn)，再反駁不合理之處；結尾段用2-3句話(huà)總結觀(guān)點(diǎn)，重申分論點(diǎn)。
在一邊倒結構中，開(kāi)頭段可以用2-4句話(huà)介紹背景信息，討論話(huà)題，改寫(xiě)題目，陳述觀(guān)點(diǎn)；主體段可以論述你所傾向的那一方，提供一、二、三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)，并且給出對應的詳細解釋?zhuān)粺o(wú)需讓步段直接用結尾段總結觀(guān)點(diǎn)，重申分論點(diǎn)。
2. Report(分析解釋類(lèi))：
分析解釋類(lèi)題目占到所有題目的15%-25%，出題目的是讓考生羅列分析。
題目中不給出任何觀(guān)點(diǎn)，但會(huì )出現一種現象，要求分析現象的原因，帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題，影響因素，解決方案，應對措施，產(chǎn)生的影響等。
典型提問(wèn)方式：What are the causes/ reasons/ factors for this…? What problems…? How can…solve/overcome the problem…? What measures can be taken…?
結構應如何組織：開(kāi)頭段用2-4句話(huà)交代介紹背景信息，討論話(huà)題，改寫(xiě)題目，根據題目給出原因/問(wèn)題/因素/解決/措施/影響。然后2-3個(gè)主體段分析現象的上述問(wèn)題，給出對應的詳細解釋?zhuān)蠼Y尾段1-2句話(huà)總結上文。
3. Mixed (Argument Report)
典型的提問(wèn)方式：Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make? Has this been a positive or negative development?
結構應如何組織：
In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships that people make?該提問(wèn)屬于Report考題范疇，詢(xún)問(wèn)“現象的影響是什么”；
Has this been a positive or negative development? 該提問(wèn)又是屬于A(yíng)rgument考題范疇，需要討論的是“現象利弊”。
Mixed提問(wèn)方式往往既有議論又要求考生進(jìn)行一定說(shuō)明，所以兼備Argument和report的雙重特性，從而相對靈活。
寫(xiě)好這類(lèi)題目的關(guān)鍵是：掌握好前兩種題型，確定其結構的方法，根據議論的提問(wèn)來(lái)確定整篇文章的寫(xiě)作邏輯。
如果經(jīng)常審題失誤，建議同學(xué)們多拿一些模擬題或真題練習總結，還可以經(jīng)常關(guān)注雅思詞匯的具體使用，以達到錦上添花的效果。
