性別歧視指一種性別成員對另一種性別成員的不平等對待，尤其是男性對女性的不平等對待。兩性之間的不平等，造成社會(huì )的性別歧視。男女平等，無(wú)論是西方民主*，還是東方文明古國，無(wú)論社會(huì )制度如何差異，還是平等呼聲如何高昂，歸根結底，都未能從真正意義上求得平等，最多只能談得上是較之以往有所改善。用一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的道理講，那就是：如果真正實(shí)現了平等，那么人們還會(huì )對這種平等進(jìn)行不間斷地強烈呼吁嗎？那么，性別歧視用英文怎么說(shuō)呢？ ?

? What is gender discrimination ? 什么是性別歧視 ? Gender discrimination, also known as sexual discrimination, is the practice of letting a person’s sex unfairly become a factor when deciding who receives a job, promotion, or other employment benefit. It most often affects women who feel they have been unfairly discriminated against in favor of a man. But there have also been cases where males have claimed that reverse discrimination has occurred―that is, the woman received unfairly favorable treatment at the expense of the man. ? Court rulings handed down through the years have determined that a company’s responsibility not to discriminate based on sex begins even before an individual is hired. Companies can be held liable if pre-employment screening or testing is determined to be discriminatory, if applications ask unacceptable questions designed to screen for sex, or if the overall selection process is deemed to be unfair. One of the main indicators that gender discrimination has occurred in the hiring process involves the qualifications of the job applicants. While a slight difference in qualifications between a female and a male candidate does not automatically indicate gender bias (if a lesser qualified male candidate is hired instead of a female candidate, that is), a drastic difference in qualifications has almost always been upheld by the courts as a sure sign of gender discrimination. For example, if a male who dropped out of high school without receiving a diploma is hired in an administrative position over a female who had obtained her master’s degree, then it is likely bias was a factor. ? In addition to gender discrimination in hiring and other circumstances, there is a particular form of sexual discrimination called sexual harassment. This form of discrimination involves inappropriate words or actions of a sexual nature directed at an employe by employees of the opposite sex. To meet the criteria for harassment, the behavior in question must be both unwanted and sexual in nature. The U.S. legal system has determined that there are two main types of sexual harassment. “Quid pro quo”, or “this for that”, occurs when one employer offers another employee a job or benefit, or threatens to deny that job or benefit, unless sexual favors are granted. A “hostile work environment” occurs when an employee, or a group of employees, repeatedly make lewd comments or suggestive noises, make unwanted sexual advances, or otherwise use sex to such a degree that the behavior interferes with another employee’s ability to perform her job, or she feels intimidated or threatened on the job. ? 自20世紀80年代以來(lái)，*的出生人口性別比例(male-female birth ratio)逐漸升高，在部分省份男女性別比達到130:100。據研究，按現在的性別比例(sex ratio)，20年后將有數千萬(wàn)男子成為光棍（bachelor）。男性過(guò)剩會(huì )造成婚姻擠壓，導致May-December 老夫少妻婚姻（marriage）的增加。要讓男女性別比逐漸實(shí)現均衡，就要在各方面實(shí)現性別平等（gender equality），消除性別歧視（gender discrimination），嚴格限制產(chǎn)前性別選擇（prenatal gender selection）的行為。 ?